1.
Verb Phrase
A
verb phrase consists of a main verb alone, or a main verb plus any modal and/or
auxiliary verbs. The main verb always comes last in the verb phrase.
Formula :
Auxiliary Verb + Main
Verb = Verb Prase
The
verb phrase in English has 5 forms :
1) Main Verb
2) An
auxiliary verb “be” and main verb in –ing verb
3) An Auxiliary
verb ("have") and a Main verb
with past participle
4) An auxiliary verb ("have" +
"been") and a main verb in the –ing form
5) A Modal verb (can, could, may,
might, must, shall, and etc)
and a Main verb
2.
Present Tense
Present tense is a verb that we use
when we want to explain about something that is going on now. There are four
present tenses in English :
a.
Simple Present Tense
We usesimple present tense for : describe habits, unchanging
situation, general truth, and fixed arrangement . In simple present tense, we
use verb 1 as a verb.
If you wanna make a negative sentence of Simple present
tense, you can put “not” after do/does (depends on the subject, do for I, you, we,they and does for he, she it)
And if you wanna make a n interogative sentence, the formula
is :
Do/Does + Subject +
Verb1 + O ?
Example :
(+)I smoke everyday (it’s a habit)
(-) I don’t smoke everyday
(?)Do I smoke everyday?
(+) We study in Gunadarma University (it’s an unchanging
situation)
(-) we don’t study in Gunadarma University
(?) Do we study in Gunadarma University?
(+)Tiger eats meats (it’sa general truth)
(-) Tiger doesn’t eat meats
(?) Do tiger eat meats?
b.
Present Continous Tense
We use present continous tenseto talk about something that
happen now. We use verb 1 + -ing as a
verb.
The function of present continous tense are :
-
To indicate an action that is being done at this time / now
-
To show a work that will be done in the near future (plan)
-
To indicate an action that occurs repeatedly
The formula of present
Continous tenseis :
Subject +
to be (am, is, are) + Verb - ing + object
If you wanna make a
negative sentence of present continous tense, you can put “not” after to be (is,
am, are)
And if you wanna make a n interogative sentence, the formula is :
To be +
subject + verb - ing + object?
Example :
(+)She
is writing a letter now
(-)She
isn’t writing a letter now
(?)
Is she writing a letter now?
c. Present Perfect Tense
We use Present Perfect Tense when
we want to describe a repeated action or action that began inthe past but aren’t
finished yet. We use verb 3 as the verb in Present Perfect Tense.
The function of Present Perfect
Tense are :
-
To describe a repeated action
-
To describe an action that performed during a period
that hasn’t finished yet
-
To describe an action or situation that started in
the past and continues in the present
The formula of Present Perfect
Tense :
Subject + have/has + verb-3 + object
If you wanna make a
negative sentence of present perfect tense, you can put “not” after have/has.
And if you wanna make an interogative sentence, the formula
is :
Have/has + Subject + Verb-3 + object
?
Example :
(+) I have met my perfect partner yet.
(-) I haven't met my perfect partner yet.
(?) Have I met my perfect partner yet?
(+) He hasn taken any drug for two years
(-)
He hasn't taken any drug for
two years
(?) Has he taken any drug for two years?
d. Present Perfect Continous
We use present perfect continous
tense for an action that started in
the past and continues in the present.
The formula of Present Perfect
Continous Tense is :
(+) S +
have/has + been + V1-ing
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing
(?) have/has
+ S + been + V1-ing ?
Example :
(+)
They have been working together since senior high school.
(-) They have not been working together since
senior high school.
(?)
Have they been working together since senior high school ?
(+)
She has been working at that company for three years.
(-) She has not been working at that company for
three years.
(?)
Has she been working at that company for three years ?
3.
Past Tense
Past tense is averb that we use when
wewant to to talk about things that started and ended in the past, or things
that started in the past and still continue to the present. There are four past
tenses in English :
a.
Simple Past Tense
We use simple past tense to
explain something that happened in the past. We use verb-2 as the verb.
The formula for Simple past tense :
(+) Subject + V2
(-) Subject + did + not + V1
(?) Did + Subject + V1
In simple past tense, sometimes, we use some adverbial of
times, like : ago, yesterday, just now, a
week ago, three years ago, and etc.
Example :
(+)
I ate the cake yesterday
(-)
I didn’t eat the cake yesterday
(?)
Did I eat the cake yesterday?
(+)
Cika cooked with her mom this morning
(-)
Cika didn’t cook with her mom this morning
(?) Did Cika cook with her mom this morning?
b.
Past Continous Tense
We use past continuous tense to explain actions that started
in the past and still continue until now.
The formula of Past Continuous Tense :
(+) Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing
+ object
(-) Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing +
object
(?) was/were + subject + verb-ing +
object ?
Example :
(+) I
was playing badminton yesterday
(-) I was not playing badminton
yesterday
(?) Was
I playing badminton yesterday ?
c.
Past Perfect Tense
We use past perfect tense to explain an action that happened in
the past finished before another action in the past started. We use verb-3 as the verb.
The function of Past Perfect Tense are :
-
Past
actions that are now finished
-
Third
conditional
-
Dissatisfaction
with the Past
The formula of Past
Perfect Tense is :
(+)
Subject + Had + V3
(-)
Subject + had + not + V3
(?)
Had + Subject + V3
Example :
(+) She had eaten the
dinner before she went to the cinema
(-) She had not eaten the
dinner before she went to the cinema
(?) Had she eaten the
dinner before she went to the cinema?
d.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
We use past perfect continuous to explain an action that were
going on in the past up until another action in the past happened.
The formula of Past Perfect ContinuousTense is :
(+) S + Had + Been + V1-ing
(-) S + Had + not +
Been + V1-ing
(?) Had + S + Been + V1-ing
Example :
(+)My baby had been crying since I went to shop.
(-) My baby had not
been crying since I went to shop.
(?) Had My baby been crying since I
went to shop ?
